PRESENT AND PAST TENSES



Tenses

Simple
to do

Continuous
to be

Perfect
to have

Perfect Continuous
to have been

Present
обычное, регулярное действие

V1(s)
don't/doesn't V1
незаконченное действие, происходящее сейчас

is/am/are V1ing
isn't/am not/aren't V1ing
законченное действие, результат которого важен сейчас

have/has V3
haven't/hasn't V3
действие, которое началось в прошлом и продолжалось до нынешнего момента

have/has been V1ing
haven't/hasn't been V1ing
every (day), usually,
often, always, sometimes
now, at the moment, Look!
ever, never, just, already, yet,
lately, recently;
words showing result:
two books,
500 metres
for, since,words showing result:
he is dirty
she is tired
they are hot
It often rains in autumn.
We eat porridge every morning.
They are swimming now.
Look! He is climbing a tree!
We have just seen her.
She has swum 100 metres.
He is tired.
He has been swimming since 10 o'clock.

Past
действие произошло в прошлом; действия следовали одно за другим
V2
didn't V1
действие происходило в определённый момент в прошлом

was/were V1ing
wasn't/weren't V1ing
действие уже произошло к определённому моменту в прошлом

had V3
hadn't V3
действие происходило какое-то время до определённого момента в прошлом
had been V1ing
hadn't been V1ing
last, yesterday, ago,
in 2018,
on the 1st of April 2023,
other Past Simple actions
at 5 o'clock;
from 9 till 5; all day;
this time yesterday;
when (sth. happened); while (sth. was happening)
before, after, just, already, yet,
by (5 o'clock)
when/by the time (sth. happened)
for, since,
words showing result in the past:
he was dirty
she was tired
they were hot
In 2018 they left for Moscow.
We went to the zoo yesterday.
When he came home, he had dinner and went to bed.
I was swimming at 3 o'clock last Monday.
When he came, they were playing.
While we were cooking, she was washing up.
When we came, they had already left.
He had done the work by midnight.
When we came, they had been working for a long time.
He was tired. He had been swimming since 10 o'clock.

 


Глагол to be в Present и Past Simple образует вопросы и отрицания не так, как остальные глаголы. Прочитай правило.