МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ (MODAL VERBS)

CAN / BE ABLE TO
ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ

I can / am able to swim. (могу, умею)
Alligators can / are able to run very fast.

cannot = can't

Sam can't / isn't able to swim very well. (не может, не умеет)
Alligators can’t / aren't able to turn quickly.


CAN / CAN’T / MUSTN’T
РАЗРЕШЕНО / ЗАПРЕЩЕНО

You can park here. (it is allowed - можно, разрешено)
You can’t eat in class. (it is forbidden - нельзя, запрещено)

Модальный глагол mustn’t используется в том же значении –
«запрещено» (it's forbidden):
You mustn’t feed the alligators in the park. (it's forbidden)


CAN
ВЕРОЯТНОСТЬ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ

Snakes can be very dangerous. (могут - It's possible)
Their bites and stings can be fatal.
You can buy tickets online. (можете, возможно)


CAN / COULD ?
РАЗРЕШЕНИЕ

Can I use your phone? (asking for permission - informal)
Could I borrow your book, please? (formal, polite)
May I go out? (formal)


MUST
ПРАВИЛА, ОБЯЗАННОСТИ, ДОЛГ

You must wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike. (it is the rule - такое правило, ты обязан)
You must keep off the grass.

Must употребляется также в тех случаях, когда говорящий сам решил что-либо сделать:
I must study more. (Я должен - я сам принял это решение)
I must tidy my room.


HAVE TO / HAS TO
ВЫНУЖДЕН ЧТО-ТО ДЕЛАТЬ, ЕСТЬ ВНЕШНИЕ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА

I have to get up very early as I live far from school. (it is necessary - мне приходится)
She has to eat less sugar. Her doctor says she is overweight.

Сравни:
Oh, what terrible marks I've got! I must study hard!
My mum got very angry when she saw my marks. Now I have to study hard.

DON'T HAVE TO / DOESN'T HAVE TO
ОТСУТСТВИЕ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ

You don't have to come if you don't want to. (it isn't necessary - это необязательно)
He doesn't have to wash the floor. His mum has already washed it. (нет необходимости)



CHOOSE THE CORRECT MODAL VERB

1. My mum (must / can) speak three languages.
2. Ostriches (can't / mustn't) fly.
3. You (can / have to) get lost if you travel without a map.
4. I (must / can) study for the exam. I want to get the highest mark.
5. She (can / has to) look after her little sister. Their mother is at work.
6. Jack (has to / doesn't have to) get up at 7 o'clock on Saturday. He doesn't work at weekends.
7. You (are able to / mustn’t) be late for classes.